Apartheid - SL English : Forced removals

• Group Areas Act 1950: The Group Areas Act assigned particular racial groups to different residential and business locations in urban areas. One of the reasons for the law was to exclude non-whites from living in the most coveted and developed areas, which were restricted to whites only under the new law. Apart from being blatantly discriminatory, the laws caused untold hardships. People were forced to leave their homes and friends, businesses were closed and many non-whites were faced with the expensive and time-consuming task of having to commute long distances in order to be able to continue working. 

"Laws Effecting the Removals." The South End Museum, 2019, www.southendmuseum.co.za/index.php/laws-effecting-the-removals. Accessed 19 Jan. 2019.

• The Bantu Authorities Act 1951:  "created new regional authorities for Africans, which were based in the reserves, and dispensed with the old Natives Representative Council, an elected national body representing all Africans."
• Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act 1959: "This law divided the African population into eight distinct ethnic groups (later expanded to 10 ethnic groups).  The members of each group were assigned a White commissioner-general, whose task it was to assist them in making a political transition to full self government in their designated areas.  As a result of the act, the limited and indirect representation of Africans in the South African parliament was abolished. In 1970, the government decreed that all Black South Africans were citizens of the homelands, and not of the Republic of South Africa.  This in effect meant that millions of South Africans - Blacks who did not live in the homelands - immediately became foreigners in their own country, under constant threat of deportation and being dumped in the Bantustans."

Clinton, Peter. Rights and Protest - Ib History Course Book: p. 39, Oxford Ib Diploma Program. Oxford UP, 2015.

Bantustan - Ethnically defined areas for Africans created on the basis of the “Native Reserves” (Land Act, 1913). Constituted only 13% of South African territory. Bantustans were to be given self-government and later independence in order to deny Africans citizenship rights in “white South Africa.” 3.5 million Africans were forcibly removed to Bantustans. Widespread poverty in these areas helped employers secure a supply of cheap black labor. Today, all South Africans have political rights in a unified country, and Bantustans no longer exist.

Bantustan

"Bantustan." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 16 Oct. 2009. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Bantustan/15513#. Accessed 13 Jan. 2019.