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Apartheid in South Africa
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What was apartheid?
"Apartheid 46 Years in 90 Seconds." YouTube, uploaded by BBC News, 6 Dec. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=2f2k6iDFCL4. Accessed 15 Jan. 2019.
| Vocabulary | |
| Apartheid | the system of segregation or discrimination on the ground of race in force in South Africa from 1948 to 1991. |
| Race | a socially constructed idea that artificially divides people into groups based on characteristics such as physical appearance. Scientifically there is only one race, the human race. |
| Racism | is based on the belief that some races are superior (physically, intellectually, or culturally) to others. Racism can take the form of one person active against another, as well as a whole community acting against another community. |
| Grand apartheid | refers to the government policy of the 1960s and 1970s that sought to separate the country into white “South Africa” and African “homelands.” Depriving Africans of citizenship rights in “white” South Africa and relegating them to rural reserves. Was part of apartheid’s “separate development” theory and practice (see “Bantustans”). |
| Petty apartheid | describes the era of the 1950s when laws similar to “Jim Crow” laws in the United States prohibited inter-racial sex and marriage and strictly segregated residential areas, schools, trains, buses, beaches, toilets, parks, stadiums, ambulances, hospitals, and cemeteries. Brutally enforced by police (see “pass laws”). |
| Bantustan | ethnically defined areas for Africans created on the basis of the “Native Reserves” (Land Act, 1913). Constituted only 13% of South African territory. Bantustans were to be given self-government and later independence in order to deny Africans citizenship rights in “white South Africa.” 3.5 million Africans were forcibly removed to Bantustans. Widespread poverty in these areas helped employers secure a supply of cheap black labor. Today, all South Africans have political rights in a unified country, and Bantustans no longer exist. |
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Apartheid Timeline of events
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