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Apartheid: Anti-Apartheid Leaders

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Apartheid in South Africa - focus on anti-apartheid leaders

Key concepts: Change & Consequence

Essential Questions:

  • How did the Anti-Apartheid leadership adapt and change over time?
  • pps. 100-110 (Luthuli & Mandela) p. 37 & 71 (Steve Biko) of the Rights and Protest Course Companion book supports the resources on this topic

Chief Luthuli (1898 - 1967)

Chief Lutuli received the Nobel Peace Prize, 1960

Albert Lutuli. Photographer. Britannica ImageQuest, Encyclopædia Britannica, 25 May 2016. 
quest.eb.com/search/115_893150/1/115_893150/cite. Accessed 17 Jan 2019.

King Olav V of Norway (1903 - 1991) shakes hands with Albert Lutuli (c.1898 - 1967), President-General of the ANC.  Chief Lutuli received the Nobel Peace Prize for the year 1960 in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 1961. Chief Lutuli is wearing a leopard-skin hat and a necklace of lions' teeth.

South African History Online biography of Chief Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli

Samples of Chief Luthuli's writing:

Other resources 

  • A 1962 painting by Ronald Harrison depicting Chief Lutuli as The Black Christ
    • What is it about this painting that made the South African Government so concerned that they banned it within days of its first showing?

 

Nelson Mandela - (1918 - 2013) a concise biography

**Scroll over and down to be able to enlarge the video to full screen

“Nelson Mandela.” Films Media Group, 2014, learn360.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=102783&xtid=60290. Accessed 19 Jan. 2019.

Protest

Umkhonto weSizwe ("Spear of the Nation")

Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) - Armed wing of the African National Congress established in 1961 to force the apartheid regime to the bargaining table through acts of sabotage and, if necessary, military campaigns.

Rivonia Trial

Nelson Mandela Statement from the Dock at the Opening of the Defense Case in the Rivonia Trial Pretoria Supreme Court, South Africa 20th April, 1964

"Nelson Mandela: The Rivonia Trial." YouTube, uploaded by Clarity Films, 22 July 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyXagT21keo. Accessed 22 Jan. 2019.