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OPCVL: OPCVL

evaluating sources Evaluating Sources using OPCVL
ORIGIN
  • What is it? (Book?  Article? Speech?)
  • Who is the author and what is the level of his/her expertise?
  • When was this document/writing created?
PURPOSE
  • Why was this written? (To explain…)
  • Who is the intended audience?  (Supporters? Opponents? General Audience?)
  • What is the author’s motivation for writing? (Inform? Persuade?)
CONTENT
  • What information does the source provide?
  • What is the tone of the source?
  • What information/examples are used to support their point?
Remember: Values & limitations are found in the Origin, Purpose, and Content
VALUE
  • Does the author have any special qualifications to testify about or interpret the issue/theory/event?
  • Is this an authentic document that has not been changed from its original form?
  • Are references and evidence in the writing well documented?
  • Is this writing “a product of its times?” Look at the date it was created.  What else was going on at that time? (Context!
  • Is there insightful analysis or is it just an overview?  
  • What is the scope of the document? Year/Years?  Decades? 100+ years? (bigger the scope--- probably less value because it is less detailed)
LIMITATIONS
  • Was the author personally involved in the event?
  • Is the account biased?  WHY?
  • Does the account express only one point of view?  Whose voice is missing?
  • Is this writing “a product of its times?” Look at the date it was created.  What else was going on at that time? (Context!)
  • What is this source lacking?  
  • Was the source intended for an audience?  Persuasion? Exaggeration? Propaganda?

OPCVL Example

Source citation:

Quick, Jonathan D. "What We Can Learn from the 20th Century's Deadliest Pandemic." Wall Street Journal, 7 Mar. 2020, sec. C, pp. 1-2, https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-we-can-learn-from-the-20th-centurys-deadliest-pandemic-11583510468?shareToken=st3a1df91b046a4cd2a68f18d2530a3510. Accessed 7 March 2020.

"What We Can Learn from the 20th Century's Deadliest Pandemic." is a newspaper column printed in the Wall Street Journal on March 7, 2020.  Dr. Jonathan Quick is considered an expert on the topic of public health. His credentials include, adjunct professor at the Duke Global Health Institute and former president of the Management sciences for Health, a global public health organization.  He is also the author of The End of Epidemics: The Looming Threat to Humanity and How to Stop It published in 2018. The purpose of the column is to inform readers about the Spanish Influenza of 1918 and point out lessons we can learn from studying past epidemics.  The column is organized much like an APEC essay.  Dr. Quick emphasizes three points that he thinks will help with the current situation: provide effective leadership, rely on classic public health measures, and give accurate information to build public trust.  Each topic is supported by examples from 1918 that prove why the topic was important. For example, in 1918 Philadelphia experienced a much higher death rate than St. Louis. One reason this happened is because the director of Philadelphia’s Public Health and Charities department was not an experienced public health official and when faced with important decisions he did not act quickly.  The opposite was true in St. Louis. The city health commissioner was a doctor who understood what could happen. He worked quickly and involved other leaders in the city to systematically form a plan and inform the citizens of St. Louis how best to combat the virus. The value of this newspaper column is it’s timeliness, specific recommendations and brief history of the Spanish Influenza of 1918 which provides context and perspective for what is happening with the Coronavirus today.  One possible limitation is that the article is published in a subscription based newspaper that needs to sell copies to make money. The Coronavirus is a “hot topic” and news editors can perpetuate excitement about a topic by keeping it in the headlines in hopes of selling more copies of the newspaper.

   ORIGIN       PURPOSE       CONTENT       VALUE        LIMITATION

Words to use when explaining values and limitations
  • Perspective
  • Point of view
  • First person account
  • Reflection
  • Scope
  • Insightful
  • Expert
  • Bias
  • One-sided
  • Persuasive
  • Background
  • Context
  • Detailed
  • Overview
  • Propaganda
  • Dated
  • Analysis
  • Extensive